PROGRESSIVE CLIMATIC VARIATIONS ON THE ISTHMUS OF PANAMA
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Historical biogeography of the Isthmus of Panama.
About 3 million years ago (Ma), the Isthmus of Panama joined the Americas, forming a land bridge over which inhabitants of each America invaded the other-the Great American Biotic Interchange. These invasions transformed land ecosystems in South and Middle America. Humans invading from Asia over 12000 years ago killed most mammals over 44 kg, again transforming tropical American ecosystems. As ...
متن کاملHydrology of the Isthmus of Panama.
An examination of the rectangular co6rdinates resulting from the solutions (Table II) shows that nine out of the entire twelve values of Y and all of the values from the small ,, are smaller for the northern than for the southern stars, indicating smaller average parallactic displacement for the northern than for the southern stars. Taking the stars of type B as the best marked example, if we u...
متن کاملFormation of the Isthmus of Panama
The formation of the Isthmus of Panama stands as one of the greatest natural events of the Cenozoic, driving profound biotic transformations on land and in the oceans. Some recent studies suggest that the Isthmus formed many millions of years earlier than the widely recognized age of approximately 3 million years ago (Ma), a result that if true would revolutionize our understanding of environme...
متن کاملsurvey on the rule of the due & hindering relying on the sheikh ansaris ideas
قاعده مقتضی و مانع در متون فقهی کم و بیش مستند احکام قرار گرفته و مورد مناقشه فقهاء و اصولیین می باشد و مشهور معتقند مقتضی و مانع، قاعده نیست بلکه یکی از مسائل ذیل استصحاب است لذا نگارنده بر آن شد تا پیرامون این قاعده پژوهش جامعی انجام دهد. به عقیده ما مقتضی دارای حیثیت مستقلی است و هر گاه می گوییم مقتضی احراز شد یعنی با ماهیت مستقل خودش محرز گشته و قطعا اقتضاء خود را خواهد داشت مانند نکاح که ...
15 صفحه اولComment (1) on “Formation of the Isthmus of Panama” by O’Dea et al.
A review and reanalysis of geological, molecular, and paleontological data led O'Dea et al. (1) to propose (i) that reports by Montes et al. (2) and Bacon et al. (3) regarding a middle Miocene closure of the Central American Seaway (CAS) are unsupported, and (ii) a new age of the formation of the Isthmus at 2.8 million years ago (Ma). Here, we reject both of these conclusions.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Monthly Weather Review
سال: 1908
ISSN: 0027-0644,1520-0493
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0493(1908)36<163:pcvoti>2.0.co;2